Note:
This article was written to the best of our knowledge and after careful research, based on the current state of scientific knowledge at the time of publication. However, we cannot guarantee the completeness, accuracy, or timeliness of the information provided. The content is intended solely for general informational purposes and is not a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment. Please always consult your doctor in advance regarding any health-related measures—whether based on this or any other article.

 

What is the secret behind the benefits of Manuka honey?

Manuka honey owes its exceptional properties to the nectar of the New Zealand manuka bush (Leptospermum scoparium). This bush, a close relative of the Australian tea tree, produces nectar with a unique chemical composition.

The key to manuka honey’s effectiveness lies in its high methylglyoxal content (MGO). While ordinary honeys contain only small amounts of MGO, manuka honey has significantly higher concentrations. Various studies attribute special antibacterial activity to this compound (at least under laboratory conditions).

This compound, combined with other bioactive substances such as hydrogen peroxide and phenolic compounds, creates a natural system with remarkable effects. The synergistic effect of these components makes Manuka honey a natural product with antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties that differ significantly from conventional honeys.

The antibacterial effect of conventional honey is primarily due to hydrogen peroxide. However, this effect is unstable and can be destroyed by heat or light. Although Manuka honey also contains hydrogen peroxide, its unique effect is due to its high MGO content. This active ingredient remains active even under difficult conditions, as it is heat-resistant, among other things.

 

The Maori were already aware of the benefits of the manuka plant

Centuries before European settlers introduced beekeeping to New Zealand, the Māori had already recognized the beneficial properties of the manuka plant. For about 800 to 1,000 years, Leptospermum scoparium has been an important component of traditional Māori medicine, known as rongoā.

The indigenous people of New Zealand developed a variety of uses for different parts of the plant: They prepared healing infusions from the leaves and bark, which provided relief for urinary tract infections and fever. For cold symptoms, they boiled fresh leaves and inhaled the rising vapors. They treated aching joints and tense back muscles with warm compresses made from boiled bark and leaves.

The Māori made soothing infusions from the inner bark, which were both drunk and applied externally to wounds. For skin conditions, they used the ashes of the burned bark as a therapeutic powder. The inner bark also served as a natural mouthwash after being prepared accordingly.

Particularly prized was the sweet, resin-like secretion from the manuka branches, which was given to infants as a natural sedative. This resin was also used to treat burns and scalds. Freshly extracted plant sap served as a natural blood purifier, while a decoction was prepared from the seed pods, which was used externally for swelling and internally for digestive disorders.

In practical terms, the Māori used the durable wood for tools, weapons, and building materials. From young shoots, they made fish traps and hunting equipment.

 

Is Manuka honey good for people with diabetes?

Like all honeys, Manuka honey has a high sugar content and should therefore be consumed in moderation.

People with diabetes require special caution when using this product, as their blood levels may already have naturally elevated MGO concentrations. Research suggests that these elevated levels may contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy (S1). However, for topical use—with the exception of wounds—there are usually no restrictions for people with diabetes. there are usually no restrictions. Wounds should not be treated with conventional Manuka honey, but only in consultation with your doctor. More on this below. If you want to know more about Manuka honey and diabetes, we recommend the article: Is Manuka honey suitable for diabetics?

 

The Effects of Manuka Honey on the Skin

A clinical study by Robson, Dodd, and Thomas (S2) investigated the effect of medically processed Manuka honey (Medihoney™) on chronic wounds. The results showed that this honey can significantly reduce bacterial colonization. Its osmotic effect draws water from microorganisms, while simultaneously creating a moist wound environment—two critical factors for successful wound healing.

According to studies, the effects of medically processed Manuka honey on the skin are therefore based on the following factors:

• antibacterial activity
• moisturizing properties
• low pH level, which stabilizes the skin's natural balance

Please note: The Manuka honey used in the study was specially sterilized and standardized for medical purposes and therefore differs from conventional Manuka honey. Regular honey (including Manuka honey) purchased at the supermarket should not be used for wound treatment.

 

Why only medical-grade Manuka honey is suitable for wound treatment

Regular honey from the supermarket is not sterile and may contain natural contaminants such as bacteria or spores, which can be problematic in open wounds. Medical honey, on the other hand, is produced under controlled conditions, sterilized, and standardized for its antibacterial effect. Only this type is suitable for safe use on wounds and is also used in hospitals.

 

Manuka Honey for Fungal Infections

The potent antifungal properties of Manuka honey make it a complementary treatment option for Candida infections, athlete's foot, and other fungal conditions.

 

The Effects of Manuka Honey on the Gut

The University of Waikato has studied the effects of Manuka honey on the gut. Their scientific research focused on the effects of Manuka honey on harmful gut bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori (S3)—two microorganisms that frequently cause serious digestive problems.

Studies show that, in laboratory tests, Manuka honey significantly inhibits the growth of the stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori —even at relatively low concentrations. The antibacterial effect is attributed to specific compounds and the osmotic effect, which distinguish Manuka honey from conventional honeys. (S4)

The findings to date are based on laboratory studies, which is why further clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans. Manuka honey may be useful as a complementary measure alongside medical treatment, but it should not replace it.

 

The Effects of Manuka Honey on Colds

The antibacterial effects of Manuka honey have also been studied in laboratory tests (in vitro) against antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. A study on this topic showed that Manuka honey significantly inhibits the growth of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) , with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at approximately 8% (S5). This means that the concentration of Manuka honey in the solution had to be at least 8% to achieve the desired effect. This effect is largely attributed to the high content of methylglyoxal (MGO) in Manuka honey.

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that can cause wound infections, particularly in people with weakened immune systems, and also plays a role in various respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and sinusitis. Because of its resistance to many antibiotics, this pathogen poses a therapeutic challenge.

The results of in vitro studies are promising and suggest that Manuka honey has potential as a complementary treatment for skin infections and respiratory tract inflammation. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of Manuka honey in humans. Until then, Manuka honey should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment.

In addition, Manuka honey is traditionally used as a home remedy for colds, sore throats, and coughs due to its antibiotic and antiviral properties, for example, stirred into lukewarm tea to relieve symptoms.

 

The Effects of Manuka Honey on Teeth

Studies on Manuka honey have yielded surprising results regarding the effects of Manuka honey on teeth. One scientific study even suggests that Manuka honey may have a comparable protective effect against dental plaque as chemical chlorhexidine solutions, which are often found in mouthwashes designed to prevent tooth decay (S6). However, further studies are needed to conclusively answer this question. Until then, Manuka honey is not considered a substitute for chlorhexidine. 

Further research, including a pilot study, appears to support the beneficial properties of Manuka honey for oral health, particularly with regard to plaque and gum inflammation (S7).

 

Here's how to use Manuka honey

If you want to take Manuka honey, there are proven methods for maximum effectiveness:

 

Manuka honey for a sore throat

If you have a sore throat, you can take Manuka honey as follows: Let one teaspoon dissolve slowly in your mouth three times a day, keep it on your tongue as long as possible, and swallow very slowly.

You can take the last dose right before going to bed. This allows the anti-inflammatory and tooth-protecting properties (S8) to work optimally on your gums and oral mucosa overnight.

 

Manuka honey for a stuffy nose and sinusitis

For a stuffy nose and sinus infections, there’s a special remedy: Since systemic antibiotics often can’t reach the bacteria on the mucous membranes, apply the honey directly to the inside walls of your nose, where it can work locally overnight.

 

Is Manuka honey effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

Studies suggest that, unlike synthetic antibiotics, Manuka honey—due to its complex mechanisms of action— does not promote the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As mentioned above, it even inhibits their growth under laboratory conditions (S5). This property could make it an interesting alternative for treating wounds and skin conditions that are susceptible to serious infections caused by resistant bacteria. In light of increasing antibiotic resistance, research into natural therapies such as Manuka honey is becoming increasingly important.

 

How to Tell if Manuka Honey Is High-Quality

Not every honey labeled "Manuka" lives up to its claims. To make sure you get a high-quality product, you should look for a few key quality indicators.

 

1. The MGO value as a key indicator of active ingredient content

One of the most important characteristics is the MGO value. This indicates how much methylglyoxal—the primary antibacterial compound—is present in milligrams per kilogram of honey. The higher the MGO value, the stronger the non-peroxidic antibacterial activity.

Typical MGO levels are: 

• MGO 100+: suitable for daily use 
• MGO 250+ to 400+: for targeted use in the throat and pharynx 
• MGO 550+ or higher: for specific requirements or external use

Make sure that the MGO value is clearly stated on the label and, ideally, has been verified by a laboratory.

 

2. What does UMF stand for—and how does it differ from MGO?

In addition to MGO, you’ll also see the term UMF® (Unique Manuka Factor), a quality label protected in New Zealand. The UMF rating refers to the total content of antibacterial compounds, including MGO, DHA, and leptosperin.

The scale is not directly comparable to MGO on a 1:1 basis—however, as a general guide: • UMF 10+ ≈ MGO 263+ • UMF 15+ ≈ MGO 514+ • UMF 20+ ≈ MGO 829+

Products with UMF certification come from New Zealand, are regularly tested, and are batch-traceable. This certification is particularly reliable because it adheres to strict standards.

 

3. Origin and Traceability

High-quality Manuka honey comes exclusively from New Zealand. Reputable manufacturers list the exact origin on the label—often accompanied by a batch number or a QR code that allows you to access harvest and lab information online.

If you can't find any information about the origin on the packaging, or if it only refers generally to "imported Manuka honey," you should be skeptical.

 

4. Laboratory certificates and test reports

Independent laboratory testing is a true mark of quality. Trustworthy brands have every batch analyzed in accredited laboratories—for MGO content, purity, and contaminants. Ideally, you should be able to view the lab reports on the website or via a QR code. This shows that the manufacturer has nothing to hide.

 

5. Packaging, Price, and Ingredients

Genuine Manuka honey is a rare natural product and comes at a price. Offers with extremely low prices often indicate inferior quality or counterfeits. Also, make sure that the product contains only 100% Manuka honey—with no additives, sugar, or other types of honey.

The packaging can also be an indication of the manufacturer’s quality philosophy. If the manufacturer uses recyclable, UV-protected jars and lids made from sustainable materials such as bamboo, this speaks to an environmentally conscious approach. The refill system takes this a step further, allowing the jars to be reused multiple times—a clear sign that the manufacturer takes sustainability seriously.

Here at Manuka Valley, you’ll find Manuka honey that meets all of the above quality standards. If high quality and traceability are important to you and you only want to buy certified Manuka honey, you’ve come to the right place.

 

Summary: The current state of research on the effects of Manuka honey

The effects of Manuka honey have been the subject of scientific research for decades now. Various studies suggest that the unique properties of Manuka honey result from a one-of-a-kind combination of natural active compounds that distinguish this honey from all others. From the millennia-old use of the Manuka plant by the Maori to current scientific findings, a consistent picture of its special properties emerges.

Recent studies suggest that Manuka honey may be beneficial for a variety of health issues—from respiratory infections and digestive problems to skin conditions. Its antimicrobial properties, particularly against resistant bacteria, raise hopes that it could become a valuable component of natural and effective therapies. However, many studies have been conducted under laboratory conditions and do not yet allow for definitive conclusions regarding the effects of Manuka honey on human health. 

Therefore, if you have any health issues, always seek professional medical advice. Manuka honey can be a useful supplement, but it is not a substitute for medical treatment.

 

Sources

(S1) Bierhaus A et al., "Methylglyoxal modification of Na(v)1.8 facilitates nociceptive neuron firing and causes hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathy." Nat Med. 2012 Sep 7;18(9):1445.
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22581285/

(S2) Robson V, Dodd S, Thomas S. “Standardized antibacterial honey (Medihoney™) versus standard therapy in wound care: a randomized clinical trial.” J Adv Nurs. 2009 Mar;65(3):565–575. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04923.x. PubMed-PMID: 19222654
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19222654/

(S3) Kilty SJ et al., "Methylglyoxal: (active agent of manuka honey) in vitro activity against bacterial biofilms." Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2011 Sep-Oct;1(5):348-50.
Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.20073

(S4) Al Somal, N., Coley, K., Molan, P., & Hancock, B. (1994). Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to the antibacterial activity of Manuka honey. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 87(11), 9–12. PubMed+2SciELO Brasil+2ResearchGate+2
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8308841/

(S5) Jenkins R, Burton N, Cooper R. Manuka honey inhibits cell division in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66(11):2536-42. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr335
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21903658/

(S6) Nayak PA et al., "Effect of Manuka honey, chlorhexidine gluconate, and xylitol on clinical levels of dental plaque." Contemp Clin Dent. Oct 2010;1(4):214-7.
Link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3220139/

(S7) English HK et al., "The effects of manuka honey on plaque and gingivitis: a pilot study." J Int Acad Periodontol. 2004 Apr;6(2):63-7.
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15125017/

(S8) Badet C, Quero F. "The in vitro effect of manuka honeys on the growth and adherence of oral bacteria." Anaerobe. Feb 2011;17(1):19-22.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1075996410001897